Brussels Griffon Breed Guide: Temperament, Care and Health

By Tailwisp Editorial TeamUpdated October 17, 20263 min read

With a bearded, monkey-like face and big dark eyes, the Brussels Griffon looks permanently thoughtful. It is a spirited, sensitive toy dog that likes to be involved in everything you do.

Origins and appearance

The breed originated in Belgium, where small, rough-coated dogs worked as ratters in stables. They were later crossed with toy breeds such as the Pug and the English Toy Spaniel, giving the shortened face. Griffons are sturdy, square dogs with a domed forehead and a short, upturned nose. The rough variety has a wiry coat in red, black and tan or black, and the smooth variety has a short coat. The Petit Brabancon is the smooth-coated type in some registries.

Temperament

Griffons are intelligent, curious and attached to their owners, sometimes to excess. They want to be near their person, sit on a lap and join every activity. They can be shy with strangers, and sensitive to harsh words and household tension. Some are bossy toward other dogs. Early socialization helps, and they do best in calm homes. See puppy separation anxiety prevention.

Exercise

Griffons are energetic indoors and enjoy short walks and play sessions. About thirty minutes of activity per day suits most. Avoid exercise in heat because of the flat face. They enjoy simple games, tricks and exploring a safe yard.

Training

Griffons are clever and eager to engage, but they can be stubborn. Use praise, treats and short sessions. They are sensitive, so avoid scolding. House training is often slow, so rely on a schedule and patience. Early handling helps them accept grooming and vet visits.

Coat and grooming

The rough coat benefits from hand-stripping a few times a year to maintain texture, or clipping for a softer look. Brush weekly, tidy the beard and check the eyes. See wire coat dog grooming guide. The smooth coat needs only occasional brushing. Wipe the face daily and brush teeth often.

Health considerations

Topics to discuss with breeders and vets include:

• Brachycephalic airway problems. See health issues in flat-faced breeds
• Eye injuries and ulcers, because the eyes are prominent
• Luxating patella. See luxating patella in dogs
• Dental crowding. See dental disease in dogs
• Syringomyelia, a spinal cord condition
• Difficult births, often requiring cesarean section
• Heart disease

Living with a Brussels Griffon

They suit apartments and homes with adults or older children. Provide a secure yard, keep them cool and use a harness. Many dislike cold weather and appreciate a coat.

Common owner mistakes

Owners sometimes spoil the Griffon, resulting in demanding behavior. Others leave them alone too long, causing barking and anxiety. Do not neglect the eyes, and be cautious with exercise in warm weather. Keep a vet fund. See dog pet insurance guide.

Is it the right breed for you?

A Brussels Griffon suits owners who are home often and want a funny, devoted shadow. It may not suit homes with toddlers or long working hours. For a similar-size dog with a different coat, see the Pug.

Questions to ask a breeder or rescue

Ask about eye and heart testing, patella checks and whether the dam delivered naturally or by cesarean. Ask about spine imaging in the line, and about how puppies were handled in their first weeks. A good breeder will explain the differences between the rough and smooth varieties and help you pick the right temperament.

The takeaway

Griffons are devoted, expressive and sensitive, and they need calm homes and attentive care.