Schipperke Breed Guide: Temperament, Care and Health

By Tailwisp Editorial TeamUpdated October 17, 20263 min read

The Schipperke is a small, black Belgian dog with a fox-like face, a thick ruff and a mischievous personality. It was a barge dog and ratter, and it keeps the energy and watchfulness of a working animal in a pocket-sized body.

Origins and appearance

The breed originated in Flanders, where it guarded canal boats and shops and hunted vermin. Schipperkes are compact and sturdy, with a pointed muzzle, erect ears and a dense black double coat that forms a ruff around the neck. Many are born with little or no tail. They stand about ten to thirteen inches tall.

Temperament

Schipperkes are curious, confident and fiercely loyal. They are excellent watchdogs, alert to every sound. They can be reserved with strangers and bossy with other dogs. They are intelligent and mischievous, and may escape or get into trouble if bored. They are often good with children who respect them, but they may nip when excited.

Exercise

They need an hour of daily exercise, including walks and play. They enjoy agility, tracking and fetch. They also need mental challenges. A secure yard is vital, since they are escape artists and chase small animals.

Training

They are smart and independent. Use positive methods, variety and firm, consistent rules. Early socialization helps control barking and suspicion. Teach a quiet cue and a reliable recall in secure areas. See recall training guide.

Coat and grooming

The thick coat sheds lightly most of the year and heavily during seasonal shedding. Brush several times a week. See double coat dog grooming guide. Do not shave. Trim nails, clean ears and brush teeth.

Health considerations

The breed is generally healthy, but topics include:

• Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB, a storage disease with a DNA test
• Hypothyroidism. See hypothyroidism in dogs
• Eye conditions, such as cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy
• Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, a hip condition
• Patellar luxation. See luxating patella in dogs
• Obesity. See dog obesity risks

Living with a Schipperke

They suit homes and apartments if their needs for exercise and mental activity are met, and owners who enjoy a busy dog. They do not suit those wanting a quiet pet.

A typical day

A Schipperke patrols the home, inspects every noise, takes a brisk walk, plays and then naps. They love to supervise. A day without mental work may end in mischief, so provide puzzle toys and training games.

Puppies and the first year

Puppies are bold and fast. Begin socialization, handling and training early. Puppy-proof the home and yard. See puppy socialization checklist.

Costs and commitment

Plan for food, grooming tools and vet care. See dog vet cost guide.

Seasons and travel

They tolerate most weather but need care in heat. They travel well and are alert companions.

Common mistakes

Common mistakes include encouraging barking, leaving the dog bored, weak fencing and skipping socialization.

Choosing a puppy or adult

Ask about DNA tests, including MPS IIIB, eye checks and the parents' temperaments.

A closer look at the watchdog trait

A Schipperke's alarm bark is useful in moderation. Acknowledge the alert, thank the dog calmly and redirect to a quiet spot with a reward. Keeping the dog away from windows facing busy streets and giving daily outlets for energy reduces constant alarm barking.

Is it the right breed for you?

A Schipperke suits owners who want a small, vigilant, funny dog and will give it work. It may not suit very quiet homes or households that cannot secure fences. For a larger spitz companion, see the Keeshond.

The takeaway

Schipperkes are small, bold and busy, and they need exercise, mental work and secure fencing.