Dog Constipation: Causes and Relief

By Tailwisp Editorial TeamUpdated October 17, 20263 min read

Straining to poop is uncomfortable and sometimes a sign of something more serious.

What it looks like

• Straining with little or no stool
• Hard, dry stool
• Fewer bowel movements
• Crying or discomfort
• Loss of appetite or vomiting in severe cases

Diarrhea with straining can look similar. See dog diarrhea. Your vet can tell the difference.

Common causes

• Dehydration
• Low fiber diet or too many bones
• Lack of exercise
• Swallowed objects like hair, stones or toys. See intestinal blockage in dogs
• Anal gland issues. See anal gland problems in dogs
• Enlarged prostate in unneutered males
• Orthopedic pain that makes squatting hard. See arthritis in dogs
• Medications
• Neurological or hormonal disease
• Matted fur around the rear

Is it constipation?

A dog squatting repeatedly with little result may also have urinary trouble. See urinary tract infections in dogs. If your male dog strains and passes no urine, treat it as an emergency.

When to see a vet

Call your vet if your dog:

• Strains for more than a day
• Has not pooped for two days
• Vomits, loses appetite or seems painful
• Passes blood
• Is a senior or has other illness
• May have swallowed something

What your vet may do

Your vet may examine the abdomen and rectum, order X-rays, bloodwork or ultrasound and treat with fluids, enemas, medication or diet changes. Never give enemas or laxatives designed for people without advice.

Gentle steps at home with vet approval

1. Increase water with extra bowls or wet food.
2. Add fiber, such as plain canned pumpkin in small amounts as your vet suggests.
3. Offer exercise, such as walks, to stimulate the gut.
4. Keep a routine for toileting.
5. Trim fur around the rear if matted. See how to do a sanitary trim on a dog.

Foods and chews

Too many bones or very dry foods can contribute. See safe dog chews guide. Ask your vet about diet changes.

Chronic constipation

Recurrent cases need investigation for conditions such as megacolon, prostate disease or spinal issues.

Prevention

• Provide fresh water.
• Feed a balanced, fiber-appropriate diet. See fibre for dogs.
• Exercise daily.
• Prevent eating foreign objects.
• Schedule regular checkups.

Common mistakes

• Giving human laxatives.
• Waiting too long.
• Overusing pumpkin or fiber.
• Ignoring straining in males.

Troubleshooting

• My dog strains but nothing comes out: call your vet right away.
• Stool is hard and dry: increase water and ask about diet.
• Constipation returns often: book a full exam.

A simple plan

1. Check for urinary issues.
2. Increase water and walks.
3. Add fiber only with advice.
4. See the vet if it persists.

Real-life examples

A lab eats a lot of bones and is relieved by a vet visit and diet change. A senior dog with arthritis strains because squatting hurts, and pain control helps. A terrier swallows a sock and needs surgery. Causes vary.

Staying regular

Fiber, water and exercise help most healthy dogs stay regular.

Hydration habits that help

Many dogs drink more when water is fresh, bowls are wide and clean, and a few bowls are placed around the home. Adding warm water or a splash of low-sodium broth made for dogs to meals, if your vet agrees, can raise intake. Wet food contains much more moisture than kibble and is a simple option for some dogs.

Older dogs and mobility

Seniors often become constipated because pain, weakness and reduced activity make squatting harder. Non-slip flooring, regular short walks and arthritis management can help. Raise any change in toileting posture with your vet, since it may indicate joint or spinal pain rather than a bowel problem alone.

The takeaway

Constipation has many causes. Try gentle steps only with vet advice and seek help if straining continues.

This article is general educational information, not veterinary advice. Every dog is different. If your dog is unwell, or you are unsure about a symptom, diet change or medication, contact your veterinarian.