Xoloitzcuintli Breed Guide: Temperament, Care and Health

By Tailwisp Editorial TeamUpdated October 17, 20263 min read

The Xoloitzcuintli, often called the Xolo or Mexican Hairless Dog, is an ancient breed from Mexico that comes in hairless and coated varieties and in three sizes. It is calm, loyal and watchful, with a long association with Mexican culture.

Origins and appearance

Dogs of this type are thought to have lived in Mexico for thousands of years, and they appear in Aztec history and art. The breed's name combines the name of the god Xolotl with the Nahuatl word for dog, according to commonly cited accounts. Xolos come in toy, miniature and standard sizes, with a lean body, a long head, large bat-like ears and smooth skin in dark colors. Coated Xolos have a short, flat coat.

Temperament

They are calm, loyal and alert. They bond closely with family and are reserved with strangers. They are protective and quiet watchdogs. They are intelligent and sometimes stubborn. They dislike being left alone.

Exercise

Xolos need a daily walk and play, with the amount depending on size. Toy dogs need less, while standards enjoy longer outings and running. In hot sun, hairless dogs need shade and sun protection, and in cold weather a coat. Games such as fetch and agility keep a clever Xolo busy.

Training

Xolos are quick learners that bond closely with one person. Use positive methods and calm leadership. Many are naturally clean and housetrain easily, though cold floors and rain can make some reluctant. Early socialization helps these watchful dogs accept visitors.

Coat and grooming

Hairless dogs need skin care: moisturizer, occasional baths and sun protection. Some get acne or blackheads. Coated dogs need weekly brushing. Clean ears, trim nails and brush teeth, since hairless dogs often have dental issues.

Health considerations

The breed is generally regarded as healthy. Topics include:

• Dental problems, including missing teeth in hairless dogs. See dental disease in dogs
• Skin conditions, such as acne and sunburn. See dog skin allergies
• Cold sensitivity, with a need for coats
• Hip and knee problems in some dogs
• Eye conditions, with exams

Living with a Xolo

They suit calm, attentive owners who want a loyal, quiet dog and will provide skin care and warmth. They do best with company. They are poorly suited to long hours alone or harsh climates without protection.

A typical day

A Xolo wants a morning walk, play, a long rest, family time and an evening stroll. Many are calm indoors and love warmth.

Puppies and the first year

Puppies are lean and curious. Begin socialization, handling and training early. Provide chew toys and warm bedding. See puppy socialization checklist.

Costs and commitment

Plan for food, skin products, coats, dental care and vet care. See dog vet cost guide.

Seasons and travel

Hairless Xolos feel the cold and burn in the sun. Provide coats, sunscreen as advised by a vet and shade. They travel well when kept warm.

Common mistakes

Common mistakes include using harsh soaps, skipping sunscreen on pale skin, ignoring cold, expecting a hairless dog to be allergy-free and neglecting the teeth. Some owners also underestimate how much a Xolo wants to be with its person.

Choosing a puppy or adult

Ask breeders about the mix of hairless and coated puppies, dental structure and the parents' temperaments. Be wary of any seller who promises allergy-free dogs. Meet the parents, check the size category carefully and ask how the dogs are socialized.

Hairless and coated in one litter

The hairless trait comes from a dominant gene that is linked to dental differences. Coated puppies are born in litters with hairless siblings, and they are still Xolos. Coated Xolos are useful for breeding healthy teeth.

A warm companion

Many Xolos seek warmth and enjoy sleeping under blankets or against their owners. Their skin can feel hot to the touch, which is normal. Owners often describe them as quiet, clean dogs with little odor.

Daily care checklist

• A walk or play session.
• Moisturizing or checking the skin.
• Sun protection or a coat as needed.
• Brushing teeth.
• Company and warm bedding.

Is it the right breed for you?

A Xolo suits attentive owners who want a calm, loyal and unusual dog and will manage skin and warmth. It may not suit those wanting a rugged outdoor dog. For another hairless breed, see the Peruvian Inca Orchid.

The takeaway

Xoloitzcuintli are ancient, calm and loyal, and they need skin care, warmth and company.